Note what the PC was doing when it restarted or shut off (gaming, idle, sleep) and whether the screen froze first. Event ID 41 only records that the shutdown was not clean; the steps below find out why. If Windows cannot start, see the startup guide.
Work through these checks
0 of 7 complete01Read BugcheckCode and PowerButtonTimestamp
Microsoft uses these two values to separate a crash, a forced power-off and a power or hardware problem.
- Open Event Viewer (Win + R, eventvwr.msc) > Windows Logs > System and open the Kernel-Power event 41.
- On the Details tab, note BugcheckCode and PowerButtonTimestamp.
- BugcheckCode not 0: a blue screen happened (step 2). PowerButtonTimestamp not 0: the power button was held down. Both 0: the PC lost power or stopped responding, which typically indicates hardware (steps 4 to 7).
You know which of the three situations applies.
If it does not helpAlso check the events just before the Event ID 6008 time in the System and Application logs for clues.
02If there is a stop code, follow its guide
When BugcheckCode is not 0, the restart was a blue screen and its code points to the cause.
- BugcheckCode is shown in decimal; convert it to hexadecimal (Calculator in Programmer mode). Microsoft's example: 159 is 0x9F (DRIVER_POWER_STATE_FAILURE).
- Find that stop code in the blue screen errors overview on this site and follow its guide.
You are working on the actual stop code.
If it does not helpCommon examples: 278 = 0x116 (VIDEO_TDR_FAILURE), 307 = 0x133 (DPC_WATCHDOG_VIOLATION), 292 = 0x124 (WHEA_UNCORRECTABLE_ERROR).
03Show the blue screen instead of restarting
Microsoft recommends turning off automatic restart when a stop error appears that Event ID 41 does not record.
- Press Win + R, type sysdm.cpl, open Advanced > Startup and Recovery > Settings.
- Clear Automatically restart and click OK.
The next crash stays on the blue screen so you can read the stop code.
If it does not helpIf the PC still turns off instantly without any blue screen, the cause is almost certainly power or hardware.
04Turn off overclocking
Microsoft lists overclocking as a cause and says to check whether the problem happens at default speeds.
- In the BIOS, choose Load optimized defaults, or turn off CPU and GPU overclocks and XMP/EXPO memory profiles.
- Close overclocking tools and use the PC normally for a few days.
The unexpected restarts stop.
If it does not helpRe-enable settings one by one to find the unstable one.
05Check temperatures
Overheating components are among the hardware causes Microsoft lists, and many PCs switch off to protect themselves.
- Watch CPU and GPU temperatures under load with a monitoring tool.
- Clean dust from fans, heatsinks and filters, and make sure all fans spin.
- On laptops, keep vents uncovered and use the PC on a hard surface.
Switch off and unplug the PC before cleaning inside it.
Temperatures stay within the makers' limits and the PC stays on.
If it does not helpIf the CPU runs very hot even when clean, check the cooler's mounting and thermal paste or have it serviced.
06Check the power supply and power source
Microsoft lists power loss and an underpowered or faulty power supply as causes, and suggests a UPS if the power is unreliable.
- Plug the PC directly into a wall socket, without a power strip, and check that the cable is firm.
- Compare the power supply's wattage with your components, especially the graphics card maker's recommendation.
- If shutdowns happen under heavy load, test with a known-good power supply if possible. On laptops, check the battery and charger.
Never open a power supply; it holds dangerous voltage even when unplugged.
The PC stays on under load.
If it does not helpIf power cuts or flickers happen in your home, a UPS protects against them.
07Test the memory
Microsoft lists faulty memory and mismatched memory speeds as causes.
- Run Windows Memory Diagnostic (Win + R, mdsched.exe) > Restart now and check for problems.
- Check that all memory modules are the same model and run at the same speed.
The memory test passes.
If it does not helpIf it fails, follow the memory test errors guide on this site. If everything passes, return the BIOS to defaults and, as Microsoft suggests, test the PC in its default configuration.
Possible causes
- A blue screen crash (the event records its stop code)
- The power button was held down to force the PC off
- Power loss or a faulty or underpowered power supply
- Overheating or unstable overclocking
- Faulty or mismatched memory
Useful Windows tools
These commands open Windows tools. Review changes before applying them.
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